![]() ![]() coinage lacked artistic merit, and enquiring if it would be possible to engage a private artist, such as sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, to prepare new coin designs. In 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt wrote to his Secretary of the Treasury, Leslie Mortier Shaw, complaining that U.S. Wheat cent (1909–1958) Inception Wheat cent reverse Beginning in 2010, Bass's shield design was coined. ![]() The Lincoln Memorial reverse was itself replaced in 2009 by four commemorative designs marking the bicentennial of Lincoln's birth. Brenner's wheat reverse was replaced in 1959 by a depiction of the Lincoln Memorial designed by Frank Gasparro, for the sesquicentennial of his birth year. The mint then reverted to 95% copper until 1982, when inflation made copper too expensive and the composition was changed to zinc with an outer copper layer. Originally struck in 95% copper, the cent coin was changed for one year to zinc-coated steel in 1943 as copper was needed to aid in the war effort. The initials were restored, this time smaller, on Lincoln's shoulder, in 1918. Nevertheless, Brenner's design was eventually approved, and the new coins were issued to great public interest on August 2, 1909.īrenner's initials (VDB), on the reverse at its base, were deemed too prominent once the coins were issued, and were removed within days of the release. president on a coin, an idea that had been seen as too monarchical in the past, namely by George Washington. It was the first widely circulating design of a U.S. ![]() In January 1909, the Mint engaged Brenner to design a cent depicting the late president Abraham Lincoln, 1909 being the centennial year of his birth. Two of Saint-Gaudens's proposed designs for the cent were eventually adapted for the gold pieces, but Saint-Gaudens died in August 1907 before submitting additional designs for the cent. In 1905, sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens was hired by the Mint to redesign the cent and the four gold coins, which did not require congressional approval. The penny nickname is a carryover from the coins struck in England, which went to decimals for coins in 1971. All coins struck by the United States government with a value of 1⁄ 100 of a dollar are called cents because the United States has always minted coins using decimals. The coin has seen several reverse, or tails, designs and now bears one by Lyndall Bass depicting a Union shield. The obverse or heads side was designed by Victor David Brenner, as was the original reverse, depicting two stalks of wheat (thus "wheat pennies", struck 1909–1958). The Lincoln cent (sometimes called the Lincoln penny) is a one-cent coin that has been struck by the United States Mint since 1909. No mint marks used from 1965 to 1967, in any year except 2017 at the Philadelphia Mint, or in any year except 2019 at the West Point Mint.ġ909 (before 1918 omitting VDB on the cutoff of the bust modified in 2010) ![]()
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